The Luteal Phase is the final stage of the menstrual cycle, occurring after ovulation and before menstruation begins. Typically lasting about 12 to 14 days, this phase is dominated by the hormone progesterone, which is secreted by the corpus luteum — a temporary gland formed from the follicle that released the egg. Progesterone’s main role during the Luteal Phase is to prepare the uterine lining (endometrium) for potential implantation of a fertilized egg, supporting early pregnancy if conception occurs. If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels decline, signaling the body to shed the uterine lining during menstruation. Many women experience physical and emotional changes during this stage, such as bloating, breast tenderness, mood swings, or fatigue, commonly associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The Luteal Phase is also crucial for fertility awareness and natural family planning, as basal body temperature rises slightly after ovulation and remains elevated throughout this phase. Understanding the Luteal Phase can help individuals better interpret hormonal patterns, recognize potential imbalances like luteal phase defects, and support overall reproductive health through proper nutrition, stress management, and lifestyle adjustments.